The Scope Of Study And Limitation Construction Essay

The Scope Of Study And Limitation twist EssayThe topic for this dissertation is a study on the facial expression boasts minimization in Malaysia reflection Industry. present tense, formulation and wipeout hazardous that establishd in the settle is change magnitude and becoming larger portion of the blow come to the fore sell in Malaysia landfill. This inquire is selected and carried aside chiefly delinquent to the idle actuals from position fork reveal been largely generated and roughly of the Construction Industries in Malaysia fork up not been practising by using 4Rs fancy to lessen the take in on site.This is cleverness attain serious clash to the environment. The pull drop has generated a world-shattering fargon of untamed to the earth that causes major impact on the global. Therefore, solutions have to be implemented to minimizing the social organization barbaric to reduce the impact of the environment. rise disposal apostrophizes and red uction in bout of landfills create a need to search for alternatives to reduce, use, reprocess and replace of bodily structure spoil macrocosm generated. Under this assertion, implementation of locution desolate wariness layabout be one of the app arent solutions for the sedulousness to understate violent and do in disposal, in conclusion reducing woos incurred during the process and contri scarceing to the global environmental-friendly movement (Bon-Gang Hwang, 2010). The bodily structure excess give increase from time to time in during the phylogeny of very large parturiencys especi all toldy located in Town field of battle. Thus, the demand of abide bying appropriate solution to reduce the electromotive force of social system superabundance been generated.Nowadays the gaga focus is not an option any more provided necessary. It essential be seriously venerations and implement a useful light beam to derogate the wrench turn back on site. Theref ore, Re utilise and Recycle has been known as one of the best solution to cycle the beetle off poppycocks into recycled contents and go game into available materials. Sadly though, our national domestic recycle rate settle coldcock excurse around a mere five percent (Bernama, 2006). Currently in Malaysia, it is still not untold of the pull intentness practice of 4Rs Concept. Thus, implementing of 4Rs Concept is one of the rules to solve the material liquidate to diminish the scratch off. check to Yusoff (2010) has patently stated that wastages come across not only to the environment but similarly incur special(a) costs. In Malaysia, thither is a huge potential in reuse and recycle of building waste into alternative materials that is usable in Malayan Construction sedulousness if implement correctly. This pull up stakes hopefully bring about gimmick resurgence (Yusoff, 2010). In many of the essential countries have started to implement reuse and recycle of th e tress materials aggressively.The social organisation wastes affect not only the environment but also incurred extra cost has been spent on the new material. This is principal(prenominal)ly due to maybe the un- utilise material on site has been damaged and additional cost need to place the material. Therefore, there is a need of implementing a ripe(p) material shop to avoid damaging the material. Other than that, the system of reuse and recycle of waste has been largely used on some other developed counties. This manner that there are has the huge potential in reuse and recycle of waste material on site in Malaysia. Thurs, implementing 4Rs Concept to reduce the extra cost incur on the unnecessary materials and also reuse and recycle of twist waste in the Malayan construction exertion. This leave hopefully decrease the construction waste from being largely generated on site. worry StatementIt is obviously that most of the construction industries may produce or generate a tremendous amount of debris and also existent waste from sites. These debris and good waste go out leave onto the sites for decades or just dump into the sea that may cause to water taint not just to our country but also damaging the world. In revision to allow construction waste to be minimized, it is either by managing the material right on much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as fork up a good housekeeping, provide proper(a) material storage and so on or using 4Rs Concept such(prenominal)(prenominal) as reduce, reuse, recycle and replace of material waste on site.Most of the constructions industries generate bay windows of debris that faecal matter be totally cease because in every(prenominal) construction pains during activities in on going, there will be waste occurred no matter what mode used to pr correctt it. It is depend on how the project charge reduce the waste to the minimal.In Malaysia, majority of the construction manufacturing do not take advanta ges or action of using reuse and recycle method and at the end the material abandon on the construction site. Consequently, this will cause increasing of burden on landfill dispatch and operation on site. Thurs, it is time for Malaysia to start to manage the material properly and also practise using recycle and reused to minimize the material waste on site. Therefore, it is advisable to all construction industries in Malaysia should start to practise 4Rs Concepts in battle array to minimize the construction waste. question GoalsProject chooseThe aim of this dissertation is mainly to incline out study regarding to minimize the construction waste in the construction labor. The Malaysian construction patience should implement some(prenominal) methods to minimize the construction waste material such as provide proper management for the material, reuse and recycle method and so on. Therefore, all the solution should be implementing in all construction diligence in order to achie ve the aims of this study.Objectives of ProjectTo identify the types of waste that bottom of the inning be used to reuse or recycle in construction industry.To analyse the benefits of construction waste minimization in construction industry.To give out recommendation on how to subjugate the construction waste enigma in construction industry.Key QuestionsWhat are the types of waste that send away be used to reuse and recycle in construction industry?What benefits freighter the construction waste minimization bring to the construction industry?Which types of method give the axe be implemented to overcome the construction waste occupation in construction industry?Background of StudyNowadays many constructions industries around the world have produced a tremendous amount of waste into this world. Many of the waste produced from the constructions site has been dump on all over the places and it will increase from time to time relatively with study of rural and urban areas if cons truction industries did not managed them properly. Therefore, construction waste management plays an important role to minimize or control the amount of waste that produce from the construction site.The Malaysian construction industry has now mainly concerns regarding to the amount of construction waste generated in Malaysia. In many of the developed countries have been using reuse and recycle of construction waste. Therefore, reuse and recycle have been recognised as one of the most workable dodging to control and minimize the waste on site. In most of projects, more than half of the construction wastes are recyclable materials.There are several authors have been highlighted strategies for waste minimization. One of the strategies that find repeated mention in the literature is the strategy referred to as 3Rs reduce, reuse, recycle. (Shekdar, 2008 Wang et al., 2008 Kibert and Languell, 2000Teo and Loosemore, 2001). Therefore, there is a good hazard to implementing 4Rs concept ra ther than 3Rs. This is mainly due to the 4Rs Concept is a fall in and workable strategy that raise be used to control and minimize the construction waste.Scope of Study and LimitationThis question is mainly counseling on the construction wastes minimization in Malaysian construction industry. In this search, a slick study of construction wastes minimization in Malaysian construction industry which mainly focusing on cities or townsfolk area such as Kuala Lumpur.Firstly, this enquiry is carry out to realize whether that the practise of reuse and recycle waste has been implemented in Malaysian construction industries. Besides that, to investigate the current trend of the waste management in Malaysian construction industry in order to find out the waste minimization method that provides smooth flow of process.Secondly, this look is carrying out by questionnaires to the relevant respondents that have the skills and experience regarding to the investigate topic. non all respo ndents has the friendship that can contribute to the research topic due to not many respondents had the experience and knowledge regarding to the construction waste minimization.The targets of the respondents are mainly focus on who have the experiences and knowledge regarding to the construction waste minimization in Kuala Lumpur such as contractors, specialists, professionals, project manager, etc. constituent of the studyFirst of all, this research is carried out due to various reasons. The main reason of this research is to reduce the cost of construction material and disposal. imputable to this reason less waste will be generated b coveytos that a reduced quantity of materials will be purchased and less waste interpreted to landfill will reduce gate fees for disposal as well. This will modify re come up toy practices and motivate a sustained change in waste management practise in future. In order to reduce the cost of construction material, reused and recycled construction waste is the best solution to dispose the waste materials in the construction industry.Secondly, reused and recycled is an economically viable option. Using reused and recycled, the waste materials on site will not be dumped indiscriminately and sent to incinerators of destroy on-site or sent to landfill sites. Contractors could just send the materials to recycling centres. From recycling of construction wastes, contractors could recoup their losses and make a healthy avail out of it. This method is al cony been used in the United States.In Malaysia, reused and recycled is still not popularly practise. Therefore, there is much potential to contribute on the market for recycled construction wastes. Therefore, our country not just rotate down the landfill sites but also cut down a lot of expenses on construction material to construction industry.The construction industry produces substantial amount of waste, which is about four times of that produced in households thereby report for more than 50 per cent of the waste deposited in a characteristic landfill (Ferguson et al., 1995 Coventry and Guthrie, 1998). This means the rising of disposal costs and reductions in number of landfills that create a need to seek for other solutions to either reduce, recycle and reuse or providing a good material storage management for the material from being damage and lead to construction waste.Lastly, the contractors in every construction industry should be practising 3Rs Concept or provide proper training regarding on efficiency of the material storage management. This will hopefully to prevent losses in the construction industry because the amount of construction waste generated is equal to waste of money in the construction company. This research is carried out to investigate the best options to minimize or dispose the waste from the site in order to make the company gain advantages.Research MethodologyThis research will be focus on the benefits of the construction wast e management, the types of waste used to reuse or recycle and the method used to overcome the construction waste in order to minimize the construction waste in Malaysia construction industry.The stages of the research methodology can divided into 4 stages, which are piece point 1 Literature freshen up and the fly Study gift 2 The Technique of Data CollectionsStage 3 The pass on of Analysis and FindingsStage 4 The polish and recommendation of Data AnalysisStage 1 Literature retrospect and the Pilot StudyThe literature revaluation article is a critical and in profundity evaluation of previous research. The literature review serves to demonstrate and more consciousness and knowledge of theoretical and research issues related to research topic. In order to collect information in the literature review, the secondary radicals is implement which include ledger articles, books, newspapers, magazines, online sources, senior dissertation, etc. Therefore, a comprehensive of literature review regarding to the construction waste minimization in Malaysian construction industry is carry out. These will hopefully providing some useful information in carrying out the research topic in literature review. The literature review act as a guide to discovered more knowledge regarding to the research topic.Stage 2 The Technique of Data CollectionsPrimary point of referencePrimary source can be self-contained through case study, questionnaire and interview. These are the effective alternative solution that enables to collect adequate and solid information regarding to research topic. The questionnaire check over technique is chosen to collect the entropy.QuestionnaireQuestionnaire will be the primary data collection which was selected as position method for this research. The data collection is base on the open-ended questionnaires will be given out 20-50 respondents to relevant person who has the experience and knowledge in construction waste management. T he questionnaire was designed in several sections and categories, the questionnaires will be distribute to the construction industry companies located in city area of Kuala Lumpur. The target respondents to distribute the questionnaire are mainly focus on the person who has knowledge regarding to the types of waste used to reuse or recycle, the benefits of the construction waste management and the method to overcome the construction waste. supplementary SourceSecondary source can be collected through journal articles and journal review. In this secondary source, carry out study as much journal articles as possible in order to understand and provide help on this research topic. Other than that, other secondary source in including books, newspapers, magazines, internet sources, senior dissertation will also be carried out to conduct this dissertation. The information that has been review or study must relate to the research topic in order to carry out this research efficiently.Stage 3 The Result of Analysis and FindingsThe data can be collected through surveying in questionnaire method. The structure of the questions is based on the research topic which is minimizing construction waste in the Malaysian construction industry. Approximate 20-50 sets of questions are send to the relevant respondents who has the experience and knowledge with the construction waste minimization. The respondents are mainly targeted on the project manager, specialists, professionals, etc. after(prenominal) the data of questionnaires has been collected and gathered, the analysis aftermath will be analysed and present into bar charts, pie charts or histogram form with explanations in details regarding to the data collected. Form the data that had been collected, writing up of the content of the dissertation is used in this stage to write up the leave alone of analysis and findings that cover the chapters proposed in every each of the following section.Stage 4 The Conclusion and Recomm endation of Data AnalysisIn this stage, the overall result of the survey is combined and gathered, then come out with the conclusion of the data analysis. later on result analyse of the data is taken, recommendation of the data analysis from the survey is suggested regarding to the construction waste minimization in Malaysia construction industry.The construction wastes minimization in Malaysian construction industryTo identify the types of waste that can be used to reuse or recycle in construction industryTo analyse the benefits of construction waste management in construction industryTo give out recommendation on how to overcome the construction waste problem in construction industryLiterature Reviews(Secondary source) branch 1Technique of Data Collection(Primary source, Questionnaires)STAGE 2The Result of Analysis and FindingsA case study about the antiaircraft guard system in commercial buildingA set of question will be distribute to the commercial buildings users to dertermi ne theier knowledge about fire resortAn interview would be carry out to the fire safety professionalSTAGE 3Conclusion and RecommendationSTAGE 4 account 1.1 The rate of flow Chart of the Research MethodologySummaries of ChaptersChapter 1 Introduction to the ResearchThe Chapter 1 for the project and dissertation is introduction to the research. Under this chapter, the researcher needs to rationalise to the reader that the reason that choosing the dissertation title of respect and apprizely introduce the research title. The research goals for this research also one of the important parts to be included in this chapter. The aim, objectives and hypothesis to be tested for the research title should be clear before start. A research content is a basic requirement to be prepared before proceed to the abutting stage. This is to brief the whole process of dissertation to the reader before read the content.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewLiterature review is to introduce the types of material s that can be reuse and recycle in Malaysian construction industry, the construction waste management that may lead benefits to the Malaysian construction industry and recommend on how the construction waste problem can be overcome in Malaysian construction industry. In this chapter, literature review will done by carried out studies on Articles from the internet, online sources, books and journals regarding to the construction waste in Malaysian construction industry, the types of particular waste material that can be used to reuse and recycle in order to minimize the waste in Malaysia and recommend some solution to overcome the problem regarding to construction waste.Chapter 3 Research MethodologyIn this chapter will condone about the research methodology used in order to carry out this research. This chapter consists of the scope of this chapter, the statement of the research aim, the rational of questionnaire, research samples and in conclusion the method of analysis. In the f irst stage, the principle of waste management that usually manage in Malaysian construction industry. The second stage will be introducing the benefits of waste management that may lead benefits to the Malaysian construction industry. After that, introduce the types of waste material that can be used to reuse and recycle and recommend the most effective ways to overcome the waste problem in Malaysian construction industry. In order to achieve effective and efficient feedback from the respondent, all the design questionnaire should met with all the research objectives.Chapter 4 The Result of Analysis and FindingsIn this chapter will analyse the result from the questionnaire that collected from the relevant respondents. The purpose of this chapter will analyse the data collected and to analyse the information that obtained to charts or histogram from the respondents regarding of that particular title.Chapter 5 Conclusions and RecommendationsIn this chapter will sum up the conclusion and recommendation regarding of the project and dissertation on this research topic. Base on the result that obtained, the researcher should write down the conclusion and recommendation on this research topic. This will conclude all the information obtained and summarise the major conclusion to briefly explain what this research topic is all about.1.9 SummaryAs a conclusion, a brief introduction has been stated in this chapter regarding to the construction waste minimization in Malaysian construction industry. Besides that, background of construction waste in the industries is reviewed and come out with several factors such as reduce, reused, recycle and replace. Next, problem statement has been stated the problems that face in the current construction industries regarding to the waste, hence 4Rs Concept is implement to minimize the waste. Therefore, the aim and objectives is carried out to determine the research topic. Other than that, the scope of the study has also carried out t o come out with the location that the researcher going to focus and what are the targeted respondents. Lastly, research methodology is carried out to determine the method used to collect the data such as primary and secondary sources. After the data collected, analysis of the result will be conducted to analyse the information obtained into charts and histogram.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 IntroductionIn this chapter, literature review is going to carry out in depth study on the overview of the Malaysian Construction industry. After that, introduce the types of waste that normally generated in Malaysia and the method to overcome the construction waste from site in order to minimize the waste produce on site. The process of this is to investigate whether Malaysia construction industry has practise and carried out the 4R Concept in order to minimize the waste on site.2.2 The overview of the Malaysian construction industry discover 2.1 National gross domestic product and Construction GDP of 2006 to 2009In Figure 2.1 stated that the GDP has constantly increased from 2008 to 2009. This means that the economy is growing in Malaysia. Therefore, Malaysian construction projects are demand to give pieceum to the economy to make firm on the Construction GDP. When the economy grows, the standard of living, opportunity for the jobs, economy will increase as well.Whenever things that has a good side, there will be also a bad side of it. The bad side is that as there are demands of instructions in Malaysia, the construction wastes produced will also increase as well. The construction industry will be known as non-environmental friendly industry due to defilement of air, water, sound and land. Other than that, it will also cause natural disasters such as flooding, landslides and so on. This is mainly due to contrary construction management and Lack of concern for the environmental consequences of large growing projects.It is believed that the GDP has increase constantl y. This shows that the standard of living, opportunity for the jobs, economy is increasing which mean waste generate by the Malaysian construction industry will be also increasing that may lead to pollution such as noise, air, water and land. This may cause to natural disaster such as landslides and flooding. Most of the developed countries such as Kuala Lumpur, they did not concern about the waste that produced to the environment and they just concern about the profit they are going to earn after the project is done.The construction industry in our country is fast becoming a big waste generator. The extensive building and infrastructure development projects have led to a huge increase of construction and death waste recently. With that in mind, the brass introduced EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) in 1987 within the framework of the Environmental attribute symbolize (EQA). Environmental impact assessment (HA) is a legal measure to curb environmental pollution and ecologic al destruction at the source Environmental review of projects prevents not only environmental degradation, but also construction errors and faulty economic analysis (Yusoff, 2010).In developed country such as United States, the construction industry has already produced tones and tones of construction waste on site. Whereas, in under develop country such as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is expected that numerous numbers of wastes is going to produce in the Malaysia construction industry. The waste produced in Malaysia will be more than United Stage due to there is more development on-going that cause waste definitely. Recently, the development of building and infrastructures project generates most of the waste due to hacking, dismantling, repairing work. On the other hand, the government also introduce the Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmental impact assessment is a legal measure to stop environmental pollution and ecological destruction at the source Environmental review of p rojects. It is not just minimizing the waste that generated in Malaysian construction industry but also environmental degradation.According to Ibrahim (2010) has stated that the construction materials wastage has shown that the costs of materials have been exceeded 50 percent of the construction cost, depending on the type of construction. The main reasons of cause such material wastage due to curt setting out error, workmanship, ordering of materials not meeting specifications and requirement, excessive use of materials, breakage in poor handling of materials and improper planning of storage (Ibrahim, 2010).This shows that in the construction industry, the percentage of the construction waste produced consist of very high percentage in Malaysia. Therefore it is time for everyone to take into consideration of implementing several ways to minimize the construction waste on site.Some waste is unavoidable even under perfect conditions of design and construction. But excessive waste is common in the construction process and has received lack consideration by contractors or the industry. The waste levels in Malaysia is considerably high and from the Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2005 we may find that waste may be generated and enured in many forms. Based on notification received by the Department of Environment ( vigor), a total of 548,916.11 metric tonnes of scheduled wastes were generated in 2005 as compared to 469,584.07 metric tonnes in 2004 (Teoh Su Ping, 2009).It is surprisingly that the construction material moody up to be construction waste promptly and gradually increasing from 2004 to 2005. It is just within one year, the waste that generated has gone up rapidly and the volume of the waste is calculated in metric tonnes of wastes which mean the merchandise of waste is very serious in Malaysia. There is a lot of opportunity to improve on waste minimization in Malaysia.The sectionalisation according to waste categories and industry types are given in (Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3 respectively). Of the total wastes produced 8s5,734.92 metric tonnes (15.6%) were case-hardened and disposed at Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd., 8,423.26 metric tonnes (1.5%) were treated and disposed at Trinekens (Sarawak) Sdn. Bhd., 17,650.01 metric tonnes (3.2%) of clinical wastes were incinerated at licensed off-site facilities, 5,224.00 metric tonnes (1.0%) were exported for recovery purposes, 149,569.99 metric tonnes (27.2%) of scheduled wastes were recovered at off-site facilities, an estimated 120,345.25 metric tonnes (21.9%) were treated on-site and 161,968.68 metric tonnes (29.5%) were stored onsite at waste generators premises. half a dozen land farms and 16 on-site waste incinerators had been licensed by free energy to allow for on-site treatment and incineration respectively. (Malaysia environmental spirit report, 2005).Figure 2.2 DOE Quality of Scheduled Waste Generated by Category, 2005(Sources from Malaysia environmental quality report , 2005)Figure 2.3 DOE Quality of Scheduled Waste Generated by Industry, 2005(Sources from Malaysia environmental quality report, 2005)2.3 The types of waste produced in MalaysiaThere are various waste generated in Malaysia industry. The waste can be differentiating as followingConstruction and wipeout wasteCommercial and industrial wasteDomestic waste circumscribed wasteIn this research, it is mainly focus on construction and demolition waste that generated in Malaysian construction industry. The construction and demolition waste is accounted as the second highest in Malaysia. Although construction and demolition waste is not the highest waste that produced in Malaysia but construction and demolition is consider instead high in Malaysia.Figure 2.4 Types of waste produced in Malaysia2.3.1 Construction and demolition wasteThe construction industry uses a wide of material including timbre or wood, concrete, aggregate, drywall, masonry products, plastic and metal products. In additi on, hazardous materials such as paints, solvents, and adhesive are used. Many of these materials eventually become wastes. Typically, up to 10 percent of the materials delivered to a construction site become waste (Magdich, P. 1995).According to Magdich (1995), it is understandable that the most of the material used in construction industries are normally wood, concrete, aggregate, metal and so on. The construction waste defines as most of these materials only uses 90 percent in the construction and the rest of the 10 percent will be end up wastage on site. The demolition waste defines as waste that generate from the demolition work of the buildings or structures. The component of the construction and demolition wastes differ mainly depend on the mature of the project or activities involved. put off 2.1 shows the major components of the Construction and demolition wastes.Construction waste death waste symmetry lumberDimension lumberPlywoodPlywoodMetalsAsphaltConcrete / MasonryConc rete / Masonry fiberglassDrywallSoil and land-clearing wasteAppliances spume insulationPlasticsHazardous waste (solvent / Oils) rugOthersOthersTable 2.1 Major Component of Construction and Demolition wastes(Source from Magdich.P.1995)Construction wastePercent (%) By VolumeDimension lumber25Gypsum dry-stone wall15Masonry and cover12Cardboard10Manufactured woodwind10Asphalt6Other Wastes5Fibreglass5Other Packaging4Metal4Plastic and Foam4Total100The estimated composition of Construction wastes in Malaysia is shown in to a lower place Table 2.2 and 2.3.Table 2.2 Estimated Composition of Construction waste in Malaysia(Source from Magdich, P. 1995)Demolition wastePercent (%) By VolumeWood Products33Masonry and Tile13Concrete53Others1Total100Table 2.3 Estimated Composition of Demolition waste in Malaysia(Source from Magdich, P. 1995)2.4 The classification of the construction wasteIn construction industry, the waste can be produced in anytime and anywhere on site or off site. There are colossal possibility of the material waste may be arise when deliveries to site is inappropriate handling or material on sites have been idleness for too long. This means the wastes can be occurred in any moment and in all stages of constructing the projects. Therefore, material should be handling appropriately, mov